Best Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector

A Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector is used to monitor Carbon Monoxide leaks in boilers, heaters, stovetops, ovens, pool heaters, and furnaces to ensure no carbon monoxide is leaking or back-drafting. A Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector should have a sensitive resolution of 1 ppm and a high range of up to at least 1000 ppm.  A Carbon Monoxide Leak Detector is preferred with a built-in pump, making it an excellent option for detecting carbon monoxide very fast to avoid deadly accumulation levels. An extendable probe is also important to check for CO gas leaks in hard-to-reach vents and registers.

✅ Pros	☢️ Cons
✅ Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detectors are sensitive and find leaks to prevent human injury and death	☢️ Carbon Monoxide Gas is very dangerous as it can accumulate and asphyxiate humans
✅ Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detectors cost between $100 to $700	☢️ CO Gas is the “silent killer” and impossible to detect without a detector
✅ Carbon Monoxide Gas Leaks often occur in poorly maintained fuel-burning appliances	☢️ Carbon Monoxide (CO) is often confused with Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
✅ Carbon Monoxide Leak Detectors are made with highly sensitive gas sensors and come with an inspection probe	☢️ Over 400 people die from Carbon Monoxide inhalation.

What is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. It poses significant risks to human health and safety. Exposure to high levels of carbon monoxide can result in symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning, including headaches, dizziness, nausea, and confusion.

Common sources of carbon monoxide include faulty gas appliances, such as furnaces, water heaters, and stoves, as well as blocked chimneys and car exhausts. 

To ensure safety, it is important to take appropriate precautions, such as regular maintenance of appliances, proper ventilation, and avoiding the use of portable generators indoors.

Why is a Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector necessary?

A carbon monoxide gas leak detector is a device that is used to detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas. Leak modalities occur and may be different for different appliances such as furnaces, boilers, and pool heaters which are all fuel-burning appliances that can produce high levels of carbon monoxide gas if they are not properly maintained.

An appropriate carbon monoxide gas leak detector for furnaces, boilers, and pool heaters will typically have a built-in pump that draws air from the surrounding area and passes it over a sensor that detects the presence of carbon monoxide. The detector will then sound an alarm if the carbon monoxide level reaches a dangerous level and more importantly present the user with a digital level of the detected carbon monoxide gas concentration in parts per million (ppm).

CO Analyzer Digital Display in PPM

The digital display on a carbon monoxide gas leak detector provides real-time readings of the gas levels, allowing users to easily monitor and respond to potential safety hazards. This feature is highly beneficial in ensuring the safety of individuals in various settings, including residential and commercial spaces.

The digital display offers several advantages, including:

Accuracy and Precision:

• The digital display provides accurate and precise readings of carbon monoxide levels, ensuring that users can rely on the data to make informed decisions regarding safety measures.
• This feature allows for quick identification of any abnormal gas levels, enabling prompt action to be taken.

User-Friendly Interface:

• The digital display is designed to be user-friendly, making it easy for individuals to interpret and understand the current gas levels.
• It eliminates the need for manual interpretation of color changes or complex readings, enhancing convenience and usability.

CO Sensor type in a CO Gas Leak Detector?

Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detectors incorporate carbon monoxide electrochemical sensors. They work by measuring the electrical current produced when carbon monoxide reacts with a catalyst at an electrode. The more carbon monoxide present, the more electrical current is produced. This current is then amplified and converted into a digital signal that is displayed on the sensor’s readout.

The sensor consists of three electrodes: a working electrode, a reference electrode, and a counter electrode. The working electrode is made of a material that is catalytic to the oxidation of carbon monoxide, such as platinum. The reference electrode provides a stable voltage reference for the measurement. The counter electrode completes the electrical circuit.

The sensor is filled with an electrolyte, which is a solution that conducts electricity. When carbon monoxide molecules come into contact with the working electrode, they are oxidized, which means that they lose electrons. These electrons flow through the electrolyte to the counter electrode, creating an electrical current. The magnitude of the current is directly proportional to the concentration of carbon monoxide molecules present.

Carbon monoxide electrochemical sensors are a reliable and accurate way to detect carbon monoxide gas. They are used in a variety of applications, including carbon monoxide detectors, gas analyzers, and environmental monitoring devices.

Carbon Monoxide Safe Levels (Indoors)

Normal fresh outdoor air has little to no carbon monoxide gas. Typically outdoor air has less than 1ppm. In some cities, traffic circumstances can indeed increase, but for the most part, outdoor air has less than 1 ppm. Various agencies have defined and provided guidance to safe and dangerous levels. They are summarized below.

Agency	Limits
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)	9 ppm average over 8 hours
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA)	9 ppm average over 8 hours
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE)	9 ppm average over 8 hours
NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (NIOSH)	35 ppm average over 10 hours 200 ppm ceiling value
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)	50 ppm average over 8 hours
AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS (ACGIH)	25 ppm average over 8 hours
CO DETECTOR ALARMING PROTOCOL UL2034 (USA)	> 70 ppm (60 to 240 minutes)> 200 ppm (10 to 50 minutes)> 400 ppm (4 to15 minutes)
CO DETECTOR ALARMING PROTOCOL EN 50291:2001 (EUROPE)	> 50 ppm (60 to 90 minutes) > 100 ppm (10 to 40 minutes) > 300 ppm (3 minutes)
FORENSICS LOW LEVEL CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR	> 25 ppm (1 minute)

Carbon Monoxide Safe Levels (Outdoors)

There are various websites to check your outdoor carbon monoxide air quality. It should be noted that outdoor levels are usually lower than 1ppm, so a very sensitive carbon monoxide analyzer is used to track these levels from the EPA and other government agencies. These analyzers cost over $10,000. Websites that report outdoor air quality are here:

AirNow.gov is a website run by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It provides real-time air quality data for over 3,500 locations in the United States. You can use the AirNow map to find the air quality index (AQI) for your current location or any other location in the US. The AQI is a measure of how polluted the air is, and it is color-coded from green (good) to purple (hazardous).

World Air Quality Index (WAQI) is a website that provides real-time air quality data for over 10,000 locations in the world. The data is collected from a variety of sources, including government agencies, academic institutions, and private companies. Waqi also provides a map that shows the air quality for different locations around the world.

PurpleAir is a website and mobile app that provides real-time air quality data from a network of over 50,000 sensors in the United States. PurpleAir sensors are typically placed in homes and businesses, so they can provide more accurate data about the air quality in your local area.

IQAir Earth is a website and mobile app that provides real-time air quality data for over 100,000 locations in the world. AirVisual also provides a variety of other features, such as air quality forecasts, news about air pollution, and tips on how to protect yourself from air pollution.

Carbon Monoxide Exposure Symptoms

Dangerous levels of carbon monoxide in the air can pose serious health risks to individuals. Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when high levels of this gas are inhaled, leading to various health effects. 

The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness and death. It is crucial to take preventive measures to minimize the risk of carbon monoxide exposure. This can be done by ensuring proper ventilation, regular maintenance of appliances, and avoiding the use of fuel-burning devices in enclosed spaces. 

Is Natural Gas and Carbon Monoxide the same?

Be aware that carbon monoxide is different from natural gas and propane, which are explosive. Natural gas and propane gas sources are hydrocarbon fuel sources used in our appliances at home and in mobile settings. When they combust and burn, creating heat, the combustion fumes and gases produced contain toxic gases such as carbon monoxide. But as you can see, the fuel source gas and carbon monoxide are related, since combustion must be present from a hydrocarbon liquid or gas source to then produce carbon monoxide as a combustion by-product. However, at a high level, ensure safety at home and work and undertake the following:

• Regular inspections: Conducting routine inspections of gas systems is essential to identify and address potential leaks promptly.
• Installation of gas detectors: Installing CO gas detectors in danger zones, such as basements and utility rooms, can provide an early warning system for gas leaks.
• Power outage preparedness: It is imperative to have backup power sources for gas detectors to ensure their continuous operation during power outages.
• Testing requirements: Regularly testing gas detectors and calibrating them as per manufacturer guidelines helps maintain their accuracy and reliability.

Appliance Dangers that use Natural Gas and Propane

Water heaters, gas appliances, furnaces, boilers, stovetops, ranges, dryers, and other home equipment (and RV, camper, etc.) are commonly used. While these appliances provide convenience and comfort, they also pose potential risks, particularly in relation to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Make sure windows are doors are open to ensure maximum ventilation to dilute any carbon monoxide being emitted from indoor activities.

👨‍🔬 DID YOU KNOW? 👨‍🔬

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an average of 430 people die each year from unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the United States. This number can vary from year to year, but it is estimated that CO poisoning is responsible for about 500 deaths each year. Source: https://www.cdc.gov/co/faqs.htm

How Does a Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Occur?

Carbon monoxide gas can enter indoor spaces through various sources and mechanisms. Here are some common ways carbon monoxide can enter an indoor environment:

• Appliances and combustion: Carbon monoxide gas can leak from faulty fossil fuel-burning appliances, such as a damaged heating system with a cracked heat exchanger. These unintended escape paths can allow exhaust gas to enter the occupied indoor area and create a serious carbon monoxide hazard.
• Blocked or damaged vents: Vents and chimneys are designed to safely carry exhaust and carbon monoxide out of a building. However, if these ventilation systems become blocked by debris, snow, bird nests, or other obstructions, or if they are damaged or improperly installed, carbon monoxide can accumulate and leak back into the living space.
• Vehicle exhaust: Carbon monoxide can also enter an indoor environment from vehicle exhaust. This can happen if a vehicle is left running in an attached garage or if exhaust fumes from nearby roads or parking areas enter a building through open windows or inadequate ventilation.
• Backdrafting: Backdrafting occurs when there is negative pressure inside a building, causing outside air to be drawn in through vents or flues instead of being expelled. This reversal of airflow can result in exhaust carbon monoxide from appliances coming back into the living area.
• Carbon monoxide leaks from neighbors: In apartments and condos, it is possible for carbon monoxide to leak from a central pool heater, furnace, or boiler in an adjoining unit and contaminate the air in the affected unit. Additionally, adjacent vehicle parking garages may also leak carbon monoxide into indoor spaces.
• Carbon monoxide leaks from remodeling: Carbon monoxide can also be released from small engines, such as mixers, grinders, and other small engines, that are used during remodeling or construction projects. These engines should be used outdoors or in well-ventilated areas to prevent carbon monoxide from accumulating indoors.

Who Uses a Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector?

Carbon monoxide (CO) leak detectors and analyzers are used by a variety of people and organizations to ensure the safety of indoor air quality.

• Inspectors: Professionals conducting inspections use CO leak detectors to assess the air quality of the indoor space and ensure that Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) levels are not being exceeded. This is important in workplaces where fuel-burning equipment or vehicles are used, as well as in homes and other buildings.
• Industrial and workplace safety: CO leak detectors are used in industrial settings, factories, warehouses, and other workplaces to ensure a safe working environment and comply with occupational health and safety regulations. These detectors can help to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, which can be fatal.
• Homeowners: Individuals who own or rent homes use CO leak detectors to check for leaks and ensure the safety of their families. These detectors can be installed in the home and will sound an alarm if CO levels reach dangerous levels.
• Property managers: Those responsible for managing rental properties, apartment complexes, or commercial buildings often use CO leak detectors to check CO levels in the common areas and units. This helps to protect the safety of tenants and visitors.
• HVAC technicians: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) professionals use CO leak detectors during routine maintenance or repairs of heating systems to check for potential leaks or faulty combustion. This helps to prevent CO poisoning and other problems caused by malfunctioning HVAC systems.

How Does A Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector Work?

Carbon monoxide analyzers use electrochemical sensors to measure the presence of carbon monoxide gas in the air. These sensors are cost-effective and are commonly used in analyzers that cost less than $500.

When exposed to carbon monoxide, electrochemical sensors produce a voltage output that increases linearly with the concentration of carbon monoxide. This means that the higher the concentration of carbon monoxide, the higher the voltage output. The analyzer can then display a quantitative representation of the carbon monoxide levels in parts per million (ppm).

The relationship between the voltage output and the CO ppm reading is established through calibration. This is done by exposing the sensor to a known concentration of CO gas and measuring the corresponding output voltage. The calibration process ensures that the analyzer is accurate and reliable.

Here is a simplified explanation of the calibration process:

1. The analyzer is exposed to a known concentration of CO gas, such as 100 ppm.
2. The sensor’s output voltage is measured.
3. This voltage reading is saved as a reference point.
4. The analyzer is then exposed to other concentrations of CO gas, such as 200 ppm, 300 ppm, and so on.
5. The sensor’s output voltage is measured for each concentration.
6. The relationship between the voltage output and the CO ppm reading is established.

This calibration process must be done regularly to ensure that the analyzer is accurate. It is also important to replace the sensor periodically, as it will eventually degrade and become less accurate.

Carbon Monoxide vs Carbon Dioxide

CO and CO2 are two different gases with different properties and dangers. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless gas that can be deadly. It is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel, such as gasoline, natural gas, and propane. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a naturally occurring gas that is essential for plant and animal life. However, high levels of CO2 in the air can be harmful to human health.

CO detectors are designed to detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas. They are used to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, which can be fatal. CO poisoning occurs when carbon monoxide builds up in the blood and displaces oxygen. This can lead to a variety of symptoms, including headache, nausea, dizziness, confusion, and unconsciousness. In severe cases, CO poisoning can be fatal.

CO2 detectors are designed to monitor carbon dioxide levels in the air. They are used to assess indoor air quality and ventilation. CO2 levels can be high in poorly ventilated areas, such as homes with sealed windows and doors. High levels of CO2 can cause drowsiness, headaches, and difficulty concentrating.

It is important to understand the difference between CO and CO2 and to use the appropriate detector for the situation. CO detectors should be installed in all homes, especially in areas where there are fuel-burning appliances. CO2 detectors may be necessary in homes with poor ventilation.

Here are some additional tips for preventing CO poisoning and CO2 poisoning:

• Have all fuel-burning appliances inspected and serviced regularly by a qualified technician.
• Keep vents and chimneys clean and clear of obstructions.
• Never run a vehicle in an attached garage.
• Opening windows and doors to ventilate the home when using fuel-burning appliances or small engines indoors.
• Install carbon monoxide detectors in all sleeping areas and on every level of the home.
• Install carbon dioxide detectors in homes with poor ventilation.

Carbon Monoxide Detector vs Smoke Detector

Smoke detectors are primarily designed to detect smoke particles, which are often indicative of a fire. On the other hand, carbon monoxide detectors are specifically designed to detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas, which can be emitted by various appliances and can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning. 

Do Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector Detect all Gas Leaks?

No, they do not.

One limitation of carbon monoxide gas leak detectors is that they do not detect other potentially harmful gases present in the environment. While carbon monoxide is a gas that can lead to carbon monoxide poisoning, there are other gases, such as natural gas or propane, that can also pose serious health risks if leaked.

How Long do CO Sensors Last?

The lifespan of a carbon monoxide electrochemical sensor is about 3 years. Some last up to 10 years. The sensor’s lifespan is influenced by factors such as operating temperature, humidity, exposure to contaminants, and the frequency of calibration and maintenance.

Conclusion

• A Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector is used to monitor Carbon Monoxide leaks in boilers, heaters, stovetops, ovens, pool heaters, and furnaces to ensure no carbon monoxide is leaking or back-drafting.
• A Carbon Monoxide Gas Leak Detector should have a sensitive resolution of 1 ppm and a high range of up to at least 1000 ppm. 
• A Carbon Monoxide Leak Detector is preferred with a built-in pump, making it an excellent option for detecting carbon monoxide very fast to avoid deadly accumulation levels. An extendable probe is also important to check for CO gas leaks in hard-to-reach vents and registers.
• A carbon monoxide gas leak detector is a crucial tool to identify CO gas leaks in appliances or track CO gas movement in an indoor environment.
• A CO gas leak analyzer is used to provide early alerts, giving occupants valuable time to fix the appliance or make changes to the home to eliminate CO gas production.
• By installing detectors in key areas, such as bedrooms and common spaces, you ensure widespread coverage and maximize the chances of detection.

The Author

Dr. Koz resides in the Palos Verdes Peninsula in Los Angeles, California. He is a subject matter expert on gas leak detectors, gas sensor technology, gas detectors, gas meters, and gas analyzers.  He has been designing, building, manufacturing, and testing toxic gas detection systems for over 20 years. Every day is a blessing for Dr. Koz. He loves to help customers solve their unique problems.

Email: drkoz@gasleakdetector.com
Phone: +1 424-341-3886